ABSTRACT
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), the research of which has flourished in recent years, is a specific prostate cancer marker. PSMA plays a more and more important role in the early diagnosis, gene treatment and prognosis of the disease course of prostate cancer. This review focuses on the progress in researches of the structure, function, expression traits and gene expression of the PSMA protein, prostate cancer radioimmunoimaging, DNA vaccines and suicide gene therapy based on PSMA, as well as the role of PSMA in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Antigens, Surface , Genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II , Genetics , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Genetics , Therapeutics , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the radioactive damage induced by interstitial 125I seed implantation to the rabbit urethra.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We implanted 24 rabbits with 125I seeds 1.0 cm to the urethra at the radiation dose of 14.8 MBq (Group A), 29.6 MBq (Group B) and 44.4 MBq (Group C), while a non-radioactive seed was implanted near the urethra of the controls (Group D). Four weeks later, we detected the radiation-induced pathological and morphological changes in the urethra by H&E, light microscopy and electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four weeks after the implantation, no obvious histopathological and ultrastructural changes were observed in the urethral tissues of the experimental rabbits as compared with the control group. The scores on the radioactive damages to the urethra obtained by light microscopy were (2.20 +/- 0.18), (2.23 +/- 0.15), (2.27 +/- 0.10) and (2.10 +/- 0.17) respectively in Group A, B, C and D, with no significant differences between the first three groups and the control (P > 0.05). And the scores on the FlaMeng semi- quantitative analysis of mitochondria in the experimental groups were (1.23 +/- 0.13), (1.34 +/- 0.25) and (1.41 +/- 0.30) respectively, not significantly different from (1.12 +/- 0.13) the control (P > 0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The radioactive damage induced by 125I seeds to the urethra increases with the enhanced radiation dose. Intraoperative implantation of 125I seeds at the prescription dose has no obvious adverse effect on the rabbit urethra.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Iodine Radioisotopes , Microscopy, Electron , Radiation Injuries, Experimental , Pathology , Urethra , Pathology , Radiation EffectsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the post-operative complications and preventative strategies of them in transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate(TVP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine hundred and twenty patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were treated by TVP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Post-operative complications included severe Hemorrhage in 30 cases (3.3%), transurethral resection syndrome (TURS) in 6 cases (0.7%), acute lower urinary tract infection in 16 cases (1.7), acute epididymitis in 11 cases (1.2%), acute urinary retention in 34 cases (3.7%), incontinence in 35 cases (3.8%), urethral stricture in 26 cases (2.8%), recurrence in 22 cases (2.4%). There were retrograde ejaculation in 54.5% (24/44) and impotence in 9.1% (4/44).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Although TVP is more effective than standard TURP in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms caused by BPH, complications during TVP procedures require special consideration.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Electrosurgery , Postoperative Complications , Prostatic Hyperplasia , General Surgery , Transurethral Resection of ProstateABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate a new surgical method for the treatment of prostate cancer with bladder outlet obstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-seven patients with prostate cancer complicated with bladder outlet obstruction were treated by combined use of transurethral electrovaporization ablation of the prostate (TUVP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operations were successful, with satisfactory results and no serious complication. IPSS decreased from (26.5 +/- 4.8) pre-operatively to (8.5 +/- 2.2) post-operatively (P < 0.05); Qmax increased from (4.6 +/- 1.5) ml/s to (14.5 +/- 3.6) ml/s (P < 0.05); and PSA decreased from (58.1 +/- 7.2) microg/L to (3.6 +/- 1.8) microg/L (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined use of TUVP and TURP is a safe and ideal method for the treatment of prostate cancer with bladder outlet obstruction.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Electrosurgery , Follow-Up Studies , Orchiectomy , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms , General Surgery , Transurethral Resection of Prostate , Methods , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the effect of the maximal androgen blockade(MAB) and MAB combined with 125I brachytherapy on prostatic cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-four patients with prostatic cancer (from 1993 to 2002), 28 at pathologic stage C and 16 at stage D, were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-five of them were treated by bilateral orchidectomy and anti-androgen drugs, i.e. MAB, and 9 treated by MAB combined with 125I brachytherapy. The survival rates and the variation of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels between pre- and post-treatment were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of PSA decreased from 60.3 micrograms/L to 12.1 micrograms/L in 35 patients treated by MAB, and from 72.1 micrograms/L to 3.6 micrograms/L in 9 patients treated by MAB combined with 125I brachytherapy after 6 months. The post-treatment survival rates were 81.3% (26/32, excluding 3 deaths by other diseases) for patients treated by MAB after a mean follow-up of 39.2 (9-84) months and 100% for patients by MAB combined with 125I brachytherapy after a mean follow-up of 13(7-24) months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MAB and MAB combined with 125I brachytherapy are effective for patients with prostatic cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Androgen Antagonists , Therapeutic Uses , Brachytherapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Iodine Radioisotopes , Therapeutic Uses , Prostatic Neoplasms , Mortality , Therapeutics , Retrospective Studies , Survival RateABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate a new operation method for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and seventy-nine patients with BPH were treated by the combined use of transurethral electrovaporization ablation of the prostate(TUVP) and transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The procedure was successful and the results were satisfactory, with little bleeding and no serious complication. IPSS decreased from 29.0 preoperatively to 7.6 postoperatively (P < 0.05) and Qmax increased from 5.8 ml/s preoperatively to 14.8 ml/s postoperatively(P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The combined use of TUVP and TURP is a safe, effective and ideal method for the treatment of BPH.</p>